Index and Table of Contents

Technical and Practice Issues

• Case 11: 62-years old misdiagnosed to have interstitial lung disease - mid-inspiratory and expiratory scans
• Snippet 03: Radiation risk and CT chest
• Case 23: 60-years old - 40-pack years smoker - right upper lobe nodule - resolved using "mean" reconstructions to simulate a chest radiograph
• Snippet 11: ACR appropriateness criteria for diffuse lung disease imaging and ACR-STR guidelines
• Snippet 22: What defines an ideal CT scan for diffuse lung diseases
• Dual energy CT (DECT)
  • Case 14: 70-years old man with COVID-19 - DECT showing perfusion defects
  • Case 19: 55-years old with COVID-19 vasculopathy / angiopathy - 10 1/2 months follow-up
  • Case 24: 55-years old - perfusion defects in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)
  • Case 38: 40-years old man with COVID-19 - 15 months follow-up of COVID changes and vasculopathy
• Case 102: 76-years old with tracheobronchial tuberculosis - the uses of minimum intensity projection (minIP) reconstructions
• Case of the Day 096: 56-years old suspected to have ILD because of "ground glass" diagnosed on an expiratory scan - pitfalls of a poor quality scan

Principles of Interpretation

(Principles / Approach / Signs / Indications)

• Signs and Differentials

  • Snippet 01: Differentiating traction bronchiectasis from honeycombing
  • Snippet 02: Centrilobular / bronchocentric nodules
  • Snippet 04: Fibrotic NSIP vs probable UIP
  • Case 16: 56-years old - Approach to interpretation of diffuse ground glass
  • Case 17: 17-years old with hemoptysis - tuberculosis - differentiating dense centrilobular nodules of infectious bronchiolitis from soft nodules due to blood
  • Snippet 06: Six fibrosing ILD questions answered
  • Snippet 07: CT signs suggesting connective tissue disease (CTD) ILD
  • Snippet 08: Mosaic attenuation - differentiating CTEPH, small airways disease and interstitial lung disease
  • Snippet 09: Variant fibrosis in connective tissue disease (CTD) ILD
  • Snippet 10: Diagnosis of bronchiectastis
  • Snippet 12: Visual classification of centrilobular and paraseptal emphysema
  • Snippet 13: Spectrum of smoking related changes in a single patient
  • Case 66: Importance of the inspiratory-expiratory pair
  • Case 68: Looking at the Lungs Carefully When There is Lymphadenopathy
  • Snippet 15: CT Scan Findings in Sarcoidosis
  • Lecture: Signs of Fibrosing ILDs - Reticular opacities, traction bronchiectasis and honeycombing
  • Lecture: Approach to diffuse small lung nodules
  • Lecture: Overview of diffuse lung diseases
  • Lecture: Centrilobular nodule, proliferative bronchiolitis, etc
  • Snippet 16: Differentiating inflammatory from fibrotic ILDs
  • Snippet 17: How to diagnose subtle progression of interstitial lung disease at the secondary pulmonary lobule level
  • Case 91: Bubble lucencies, central lucencies, bubbly consolidation - causes and differentials
  • Snippet 18: The jellyfish and multiple pleural tag signs to predict visceral pleural invasion in small lung cancers
  • Snippet 20: Practical approach to diffuse cystic lung diseases
  • Snippet 21: Approach to right medial cardiophrenic angle lesions

• First Principles of Interpretation

  • Do not ignore the non-contrast (plain) scan - 3 cases
  • Case 33: 70-years old - looking at the plain scan to resolve active nodes on PET/CT - old healed granulomatous infection
  • Case 50: First princples - look at the noncontrast (plain) scan subcarinal bronchogenic cyst
  • Case 55: First principles - trace the bronchus - non-resolving consolidation - foreign body - clove in left lower lobe bronchial segment
  • Case 69: What ails chest imaging training? 60-years old with a left upper lobe lesion for biopsy
  • Case 107: Why LLMs will render many radiologists and their reports irrelevant if they don't up their game - UIP/IPF
  • Case 108: Approaching a patient with PH - it can't be so difficult - PAPVR and Gr 2 PH
  • Case of the Day 093: Why AI is the Only Solution to Our Chest X-ray Hyposkillia

• Indications

  • Snippet 14: A history of the irrelevance of the cardiothoracic ratio
  • Case 61: Uses of prone imaging
  • Case 62: Indications of chest MRI
  • Case 66: Importance of the inspiratory-expiratory pair
  • Case 85: The Power of Old Scans
  • Snippet 19: The various uses of prone imaging

Guidelines and White Papers and Oration Lectures

• 2020 ATS/JRS/ALAT - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis - new classification
• Snippet 11: ACR appropriateness criteria for diffuse lung disease imaging and ACR-STR guidelines
• 2022 ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT - Progressive pulmonary fibrosis - fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis
• 2022 ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT - Progressive pulmonary fibrosis - scleroderma ILD
• 2022 ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT - CPFE - Official statement
• Lecture: Dr S K Bhalla Oration at SCIICON 2024 - Evolution of HRCT - A 33-Years Journey
• 2025 ATS clinical position statement on interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs)

Lung

• Interstitial Lung Diseases

• A Unified Approach to ILDs - 08 Jul 2025

  • Fibrotic

  • Lecture 01 - 2023 06 15 - Fibrosing ILDs

  • Snippet 17: How to diagnose subtle progression of interstitial lung disease at the secondary pulmonary lobule level

    • UIP/IPF
      • Case 5: 70-years old male smoker - usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) / idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
      • Case 6: 63-years old man - probable usual interstitial pneumonia (probable UIP) / idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
      • Case 7: 75-years old man - UIP/IPF with a complication - lung nodule - squamous cell carcinoma
      • Snippet 01: Differentiating traction bronchiectasis from honeycombing
      • Snippet 04: Fibrotic NSIP vs probable UIP
      • Snippet 06: Six fibrosing ILD questions answered
      • Case 90: 57-years old - probable UIP/IPF - progressive disease - how time matters
      • Case 92: 67-years old - probable UIP/IPF - acute exacerbation, likely triggered
      • Case 98: 73-years old - UIP/IPF with acute increased dyspnea due to pulmonary edema and cardiac failure
      • Case 107: 76-years old - UIP/IPF - why LLMs will render many radiologists and their reports irrelevant
    • Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis (FPF)
      • Case 72: 45-years old - Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome
      • Case 96: 52-years old and his brother 8 years later - familial pulmonary fibrosis
    • Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema (CPFE)
      • Snippet 13: Spectrum of smoking related changes in a single patient
      • Case 48: 78-years old - combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE)
      • Case 67: 69-years old - combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) and the official statement from ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT
      • Snippet 27: Airspace Enlargement with Fibrosis (AEF)
    • Fibrotic NSIP / Variant Fibrosis / Connective Tissue Disease ILD
      • Snippet 04: Fibrotic NSIP vs probable UIP
      • Case 10: 67-years old woman - fibrotic organizing pneumonia (OP) - Sjogren's
      • Snippet 07: CT signs suggesting connective tissue disease (CTD) ILD
      • Snippet 09: Variant fibrosis in connective tissue disease (CTD) ILD
      • Case 39: 27-years old - scleroderma ILD - secondary pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE)
      • Case 58: 27-years old - scleroderma ILD - progressive pulmonary fibrosis
      • Case 94: 24-years old - scleroderma ILD - early/subtle disease
      • Lecture: NSIP and OP
      • Lecture: Connective tissue disease ILDs
      • Case 111: 59-years old woman - lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) - Sjogren's
      • Case of the Day 066: 60-years old - rheumatoid arthritis (RA) ILD with a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern with variant fibrosis with superimposed CCPA
      • Case of the Day 093: Why AI is the only solution to our chest X-ray hyposkillia - Rheumatoid arthritis-Sjogren ILD with a variant UIP pattern with superimposed CCPA as a complication
      • Snippet 28: Connective tissue disease ILD patterns
      • Case of the Day 116: 31-yrs old with scleroderma and a mixed BIP/NSIP/CiOP pattern - mixed patterns in connective tissue disease ILDs
      • Case of the 117: 51-yrs old in 2012 with a mixed progressive fibrotic NSIP/OP/DPO patter, diagnosed to have scleroderma/MCTD 13 years later
    • Non-UIP/Non-IPF
      • Fibrotic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
        • Case 49: 65-years old - fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis - hexagonal pattern
        • Case 57: 55-years old man - fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis - progressive pulmonary fibrosis
        • Case 85: 65-years old non-smoker - fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis
        • Lecture 08: CT in hypersensitivity pneumonitis
        • Case of the Day 086: 56-years old with fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis - discussion of three density sign and the new label of the bronchiolocentric interstitial pneumonia (BIP) pattern
      • Chronic Pulmonary Sarcoidosis
        • Case 29: 58-years old - sarcoidosis over 18 years
    • Indeterminate
    • Miscellaneous
      • Case 56: 66-years old - COVID-19 fibrosis - UIP-like
      • Case 77: 55-years old - primary PPFE - pleuroparenchymal fibrosis
      • Case 100: 61-years old - COVID-19 fibrosis - progressive

  • Nonfibrotic

    • Case 16: 56-years old - PCP / PJP in a PLHA presenting as diffuse ground glass
    • Case 26: 16-years old - pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP)
    • Case 46: 70-years old - nitrofurantoin lung injury with organizing pneumonia (OP) pattern
    • Case 59: 73-years old - nivolumab lung injury - pre-existing ILA
    • Case 85: 65-years old non-smoker - non-fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis progressing to fibrotic
    • Lecture: REF-Cafe Roentgen Lecture 03 - Non-fibrosing ILDs
    • Lecture 08: CT in hypersensitivity pneumonitis
    • Lecture: NSIP and OP
    • Case of the Day 092: 44-years old - PCP/PJP in a PLHA presenting as just non-specific ground glass along with non-pulmonary findings
    • Case 115: 36-years old - ground glass plus septal thickening - lymphangitis from signet call adenocarcinoma

  • ARDS/AIP/Acute Lung Injury/Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage/Acute Diffuse Infection

    • Case 44: 33-years old - ANCA-associated vasculitis and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
    • Case 64: 70-years old - H1N1 lung involvement - organizing pneumonia (OP) pattern
    • Case 92: 67-years old - probable UIP/IPF - acute exacerbation, likely triggered
    • Case 97: 38-year old - miliary tuberculosis presenting as ARDS
    • Case of the Day 074: 57-yrs old - acute lung injury - exudative to organizing phase

  • Interstitial Lung Abnormality (ILA)

    • Case 36: 76-years old - interstitial lung abnormality (ILA) to fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD)
    • Case 59: 73-years old - nivolumab lung injury - pre-existing ILA
    • Lecture 10: How to approach a patient with interstitial lung abnormality - ILA
    • Snippet 25: Interstitial lung abnormality (ILA) - what is new and what has changed
    • COD 118: 68-yrs old with indeterminate interstitial lesions and previous COVID-19 exposure simulating an ILA

  • Nodular

    • Case 12: 38-years old - nodules and septal thickening - acute onset - tropical pulmonary eosinophilia
    • Snippet 02: Centrilobular / bronchocentric nodules
    • Case 29: 58-years old - sarcoidosis over 18 years
    • Case 30: 51-years old - classic silicosis
    • Case 68: 47-years old - Stage II sarcoidosis
    • Lecture: Approach to diffuse small lung nodules
    • Case 84: 30-years old - classic miliary tuberculosis
    • Case 88: 48-years old - flour mill worker silicosis
    • Case 97: 38-year old - miliary tuberculosis presenting as ARDS
    • Case 101 - 35-years old - miliary tuberculosis coexisting with infectious bronchiolitis and tree-in-bud lesions - disseminated tuberculosis
    • Case 105: 4 different patients - pseudo-miliary appearance - tropical pulmonary eosinophilia

  • Miscellaneous

    • Case 3: 19-years old man with lungs of stone - alveolar microlithiasis
    • Case 4: 70-years old with carcinoma breast - lymphangitis carcinomatosis
    • Case 60: 69-years old - radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis
    • Case 70: 51-years old - idiopathic diffuse pulmonary ossification (DPO)
    • Case 79: 74-years old man - radiation recall pneumonitis
    • Case 116: 63-years old - idiopathic dendriform diffuse pulmonary ossification (DPO)

• Cystic Lung Diseases

  • Case 35: 46-years old - cysts and nodules - amyloidosis
  • Case 65 - 46-years old - Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) syndrome
  • Lecture: REF-Cafe Roentgen Lecture 07 - Diffuse cystic lung diseases
  • Snippet 20: Practical approach to diffuse cystic lung diseases
  • Case of the Day 083: 31-years old - cysts and lymphangiomas - lymphangioleiomyomatosis - LAM

• Childhood ILDs (chILD)

  • Case 106: 6 mths old - specific pattern of ground glass - neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy - NEHI

• Emphysema and COPD

  • Snippet 12: Visual classification of centrilobular and paraseptal emphysema
  • Snippet 13: Spectrum of smoking related changes in a single patient
  • Case 48: 78-years old - combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE)
  • Case 54: 56-years old - never-smoker - COPD - severe small airways disease
  • Case 67: 69-years old - combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) and the official statement from ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT
  • Case of the Day 073: 74-years old - never-smoker with COPD, centrilobular emphysema, AEF and CPFE
  • Snippet 27: Airspace Enlargement with Fibrosis (AEF)

• Focal Lung Diseases

  • Solitary Nodule

    • Case 1C: 67-years old with a calcified lung nodule - old granuloma - part of the "do not ignore the plain scan" series
    • High risk CT imaging features in lung cancer screening - lecture
    • Case 7: 75-years old man - UIP/IPF with a complication - lung nodule - squamous cell carcinoma
    • Case 23: 60-years old - 40-pack years smoker - right upper lobe nodule - old granuloma
    • Case 31: 54-years old - incidental lung nodule - pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma
    • Case 52: 54-years old - solitary nodule with cyst - neuroendocrine tumor - carcinoid
    • Case 76: 57-years old - solitary perifissural nodule (PFN)
    • Case 86: 55-years old - growing cavitated lung nodule - adenocarcinoma metastasis
    • Lecture: REF-Cafe Roentgen Lecture 08 - Solitary lung nodule > 8 mm
    • Lecture: REF-Cafe Roentgen Lecture 09 - Solitary lung nodule - PFN, juxtrapleural nodule, nodules in smokers, Lung-RADs, etc.
    • Lecture: Lung cancer screening in a TB endemic country
    • Snippet 18: The jellyfish and multiple pleural tag signs to predict visceral pleural invasion in small lung cancers
    • Case 95: 72-years old - bone island in a rib presenting as a solitary lung nodule
    • Lecture: Risk stratification of lung nodules
    • Case 104: 69-years old - lung hamartoma
    • Case 109: Two patients with typical nodules suggestive of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor on CT and DOTA-PET
    • Lecture - Lung cancer screening in a TB endemic country - a radiologist's perspective

  • Multiple Nodules

    • Case 21: 61-years old - cryptococcus lung nodules
    • Case 34: Young patient - mercury poisoning
    • Case 35: 46-years old - cysts and nodules - amyloidosis
    • Case of the Day 087: 66-years old - multiple lung nodules - renal, pancreatic lesions - classic IgG4 related disease
    • Case of the Day 099: 61-years old - multiple waxing waning lung nodules - rheumatoid arthritis - rheumatoid nodules

  • Subsolid Nodule

    • Case 22: 64-years old - growing subsolid nodule - adenocarcinoma
    • Lecture: REF-Cafe Roentgen Lecture 10 - Subsolid nodule
    • Case of the Day 075: 65-years old - subsolid nodule - lung cancer with cystic air spaces - LC-CAS

  • Masses

    • Case 27: 18-years old - lung mass - sequestration
    • Case 28: 70-years old - multiple lung masses - lipoid pneumonia
    • Case 41: 78-years old - non-resolving opacity - invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma
    • Case 53: 18-years old - lung mass with calcification - inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
    • Case 78 - 24-years old - slow growing lung mass with mediastinal component - classic Hodgkin lymphoma

  • Consolidation

    • Case 9: 64-years old - non-resolving consolidation - invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma
    • Case 55: 65-years old - non-resolving consolidation - foreign body - clove in left lower lobe bronchial segment
    • Case 83: 51-years old - non-resolving consolidation / opacities - vasculitis - GPA
    • Lecture: Thoracic Thursday XI - non-resolving opacity

  • Cavities

    • Case 20: 61-years old - chronic cavitary aspergillosis - scab sign

  • Miscellaneous / Others

    • Case 73: 44-years old - acute hemoptysis - pancreatic pseudocyst extending into mediastinum, eroding into lung
    • Case 113: 74-years old - asbestos exposure - pleural plaques with rounded atelectasis

Airways

• Bronchiectasis

  • Snippet 10: Diagnosis of bronchiectasis
  • Case 75: 51-years old - asthma - allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
  • Snippet 23: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) - Update of radiology subtypes

• Small airways

  • Snippet 08: Mosaic attenuation - differentiating CTEPH, small airways disease and interstitial lung disease
  • Case 47: 64-years old smoker - respiratory bronchiolitis (RB)
  • Snippet 13: Spectrum of smoking related changes in a single patient
  • Case 54: 56-years old - never-smoker - COPD - severe small airways disease
  • Case 71: 35-years old - episodic breathlessness - Sywer-James-MacLeod's syndrome

• Large airways

  • Case 13: 3-years old - congenital lobar emphysema
  • Case 37: 20-years old - stalactite trachea - tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica
  • Case 40: 49-years old - primary tracheal chondrosarcoma
  • Case 43: 21-years old - endobronchial and tracheal tuberculosis
  • Case 55: 65-years old - non-resolving consolidation - foreign body - clove in left lower lobe bronchial segment
  • Case 66: 53-years old - foreign body - betelnut / supari - left main bronchus
  • Case 102: 76-years old - tracheobronchial tuberculosis - left main bronchus narrowing

Mediastinum and Hilum

• Lecture

  • REF-Cafe Roentgen Thoracic Thursday Lecture - XII - CT evaluation of the mediastinum

• Masses

  • Case 1A: 22-years old with with mediastinal extension of thyroid nodule - part of the "do not ignore the plain scan" series
  • Case 1B: 19-years old with left mediastinal / hilar fibrosis - part of the "do not ignore the plain scan" series
  • Case 15: 36-years old - mediastinal fibrosis
  • Case 42: 15-years old - prevascular space mass - lymphoma
  • Case 50: 43-years old - subcarinal bronchogenic cyst
  • Case 51: 63-years old - large left ventricular cardiac aneurysm with egg-shell calcification
  • Case 80: 55-years old - upper thoracic paravertebral posterior mediastinal mass - schwannoma
  • Case 81: 57-years old - medial cardiophrenic angle mass - foramen of Morgagni hernia
  • Case 87: 51-years old - prevascular space mediastinal mass - thymic cyst
  • Snippet 21: Approach to right medial cardiophrenic angle lesions

• Lymphadenopathy

  • Case 8: 14-years old - rupture of a large necrotic paratracheal mediastinal node into the lung - tuberculosis
  • Case 33: 70-years old - active nodes on PET/CT - calcified on plain scan - old healed granulomatous infection
  • Case 45: 51-years old - eggshell calcification due to silicosis
  • Case 88:48-years old - eggshell calcification - silicosis

• Non-Mass Pathology

Vascular

• Pulmonary

  • Pulmonary Thromboembolism

    • Case 24: 55-years old - chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)
    • Snippet 08: Mosaic attenuation - differentiating CTEPH, small airways disease and interstitial lung disease
    • Case 91: 34-years old - lung infarct with segmental pulmonary thromboembolism - bubble lucencies, central lucencies, bubbly consolidation

  • Pulmonary Hypertension

    • Case 24: 55-years old - chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) - Gr 4 PH
    • Case 108: 26-years old - partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) into SVC - Gr 2 PH
    • Snippet 24: The Radiologists' Role in Pulmonary Hypertension

  • Arteriovenous Malformation

    • Case 114: 54-years old - right lower lobe simple pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM)

  • Venous Lesions

    • Case 61: 68-years old - venous aneurysms in lung collapsing on prone imaging
    • Case 62: 41-years old - venous brachiocephalic aneurysm - prevascular space mediastinum

  • Miscellaneous

    • Case 63: 48-years old - unilateral absence pulmonary artery (UAPA)

• Aorta and Others

  • Case 51: 63-years old - large left ventricular cardiac aneurysm with egg-shell calcification

Pleura and Extrapleural

• Case 25: 45-years old - extrapleural masses - thoracic splenosis
• Case 74: 76-years old - multifocal pleural masses - metastases from thymic carcinoma
• Snippet 18: The jellyfish and multiple pleural tag signs to predict visceral pleural invasion in small lung cancers
• Case 103: 53-years old - pleural mass in right medial cardiophrenic angle - solitary fibrous tumor of pleura
• Case 110: 84-years old - left chylothorax - pacemaker lead related left subclavian and innominate vein thrombosis causing thoracic duct obstruction
• Case 113: 74-years old - asbestos exposure - pleural plaques with rounded atelectasis
• Case of the Day 112: 82-years old - asbestos exposure - calcified pleural plaques

Chest Wall and Diaphragm

• Case 25: 45-years old - extrapleural masses - thoracic splenosis due to old diaphragmatic rupture
• Case 81: 57-years old - medial cardiophrenic angle mass - foramen of Morgagni hernia
• Case 82: 60-years old - type I sliding hiatus hernia
• Case 89: 72-years old man - diaphragmatic paralysis - vs eventration
• Case 93: 67-years old - Poland syndrome
• Case 99: 50-years old - intrathoracic rib

Congenital and Developmental

• Case 13: 3-years old - congenital lobar emphysema
• Case 27: 18-years old - lung mass - sequestration
• Case 50: 43-years old - subcarinal bronchogenic cyst
• Case 61: 68-years old - venous aneurysms in lung
• Case 62: 41-years old - venous brachiocephalic aneurysm
• Case 63: 48-years old - unilateral absence pulmonary artery (UAPA)
• Case 65: 46-years old - Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) syndrome
• Case 72: 45-years old - Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome
• Case 93: 67-years old - Poland syndrome
• Case 99: 50-years old - intrathoracic rib

Infection

• Tuberculosis

  • Case 8: 14-years old - rupture of a large necrotic paratracheal mediastinal node into the lung - tuberculosis
  • Case 17: 17-years old with hemoptysis - tuberculosis and both dense and soft centrilobular nodules
  • Case 23: 60-years old - 40-pack years smoker - right upper lobe old granuloma
  • Case 43: 21-years old - endobronchial and tracheal tuberculosis
  • Case 69: 60-years old with mass-like calcific lesions
  • Lecture: Tuberculosis vs sarcoidosis
  • Case 84: 30-years old - classic miliary tuberculosis
  • Lecture: Lung cancer screening in a TB endemic country
  • Case 97: 38-year old - miliary tuberculosis presenting as ARDS
  • Case 101 - 35-years old - miliary tuberculosis coexisting with infectious bronchiolitis and tree-in-bud lesions - disseminated tuberculosis
  • Case 102: 76-years old - tracheobronchial tuberculosis - left main bronchus narrowing
  • Lecture - Lung cancer screening in a TB endemic country - a radiologist's perspective
  • Case 112 - 37-years old - hemoptysis and post-tuberculosis lung disease - PTLD - complication - fungal ball - chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis - CCPA

• Fungal

  • Case 16: 56-years old - Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) due to Pneumocystis jirovecii in a PLHA
  • Case 20: 61-years old - chronic cavitary aspergillosis - scab sign
  • Case 21: 61-years old - cryptococcus lung nodules
  • Case 75: 51-years old - asthma - allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
  • Case 112: 37-years old - hemoptysis and PTLD - fungal ball in a cavity - CCPA
  • Snippet 23: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) - Update of radiology subtypes
  • Case of the Day 066: 60-years old - RA-ILD with chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA)
  • Case of the Day 092: 44-years old - PCP/PJP in a PLHA
  • Case of the Day 093: RA-Sjogren ILD with a variant UIP pattern with superimposed CCPA as a complication

• Bacterial

• Parasitic

  • Case 12: 38-years old - nodules and septal thickening - acute onset - tropical pulmonary eosinophilia
  • Case 105: 4 different patients - pseudo-miliary appearance - tropical pulmonary eosinophilia

• Viral

  • Case 2: 69-years old man with COVID-19 - resolution of so-called "fibrosis" at 9 months follow-up
  • Case 14: 70-years old man with COVID-19 - perfusion defects due to COVID angiopathy at 3 1/2 weeks
  • Case 18: 51-years man with COVID-19 - 11 months follow-up
  • Case 19: 55-years old with COVID-19 vasculopathy / angiopathy - 10 1/2 months follow-up
  • Case 32: 69-years old man with COVID-19 - 16 1/2 months follow-up
  • Case 38: 40-years old man with COVID-19 - 15 months follow-up of COVID changes and vasculopathy
  • Case 56: 66-years old - COVID-19 fibrosis - UIP-like
  • Case 64: 70-years old - H1N1 lung involvement
  • Case 100: 61-years old - Covid-19 related fibrosis - UIP like - plus review of Covid-19 lung changes 4 years later
  • COD 118: 68-yrs old with post-COVID-19 residual lung abnormalities

Neoplasms

• Malignant

  • Case 4: 70-years old with carcinoma breast - lymphangitis carcinomatosis
  • Case 7: 75-years old man - UIP/IPF with a complication - lung nodule - squamous cell carcinoma
  • Case 9: 64-years old - non-resolving consolidation - invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma
  • Case 22: 64-years old - growing subsolid nodule - adenocarcinoma
  • Case 40: 49-years old - primary tracheal chondrosarcoma
  • Case 41: 78-years old - non-resolving opacity - invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma
  • Case 42: 15-years old - prevascular space mass - lymphoma
  • Case 86: 55-years old - growing cavitated lung nodule - adenocarcinoma metastasis
  • Snippet 18: The jellyfish and multiple pleural tag signs to predict visceral pleural invasion in small lung cancers
  • Case 115: 36-years old - lymphangitis from signet call adenocarcinoma

• Benign

  • Case 31: 54-years old - incidental lung nodule - pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma
  • Case 52: 54-years old - solitary nodule with cyst - neuroendocrine tumor - carcinoid
  • Case 53: 18-years old - lung mass with calcification - inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
  • Case 103: 53-years old - pleural mass in right medial cardiophrenic angle - solitary fibrous tumor of pleura
  • Case 104: 69-years old - lung hamartoma
  • Case 109: Two patients with typical nodules suggestive of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor on CT and DOTA-PET

• Lung Cancer Screening

  • High risk CT imaging features in lung cancer screening - lecture
  • Case 23: 60-years old - 40-pack years smoker - right upper lobe nodule - resolved using "mean" reconstructions to simulate a chest radiograph
  • Lecture - Lung cancer screening in a TB endemic country
  • Lecture - Lung cancer screening in a TB endemic country - a radiologist's perspective

Connective Tissue Diseases and Vasculitides and Sarcoidosis

• General

  • Snippet 07: CT signs suggesting connective tissue disease (CTD) ILD
  • Snippet 09: Variant fibrosis in connective tissue disease (CTD) ILD
  • Lecture 12: Connective tissue disease ILDs
  • Snippet 28: Connective tissue disease ILD patterns

• Sarcoidosis

  • Case 29: 58-years old - sarcoidosis over 18 years
  • Case 68: 47-years old - Stage II sarcoidosis - nodules and nodes
  • Snippet 15: CT scan findings in sarcoidosis
  • Lecture: Tuberculosis vs sarcoidosis
  • Lecture: Imaging of Sarcoidosis

• Rheumatoid Arthritis

  • Case of the Day 066: 60-years old - rheumatoid arthritis (RA) ILD with a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern with variant fibrosis with superimposed CCPA
  • Case of the Day 093: Why AI is the only solution to our chest X-ray hyposkillia - Rheumatoid arthritis-Sjogren ILD with a variant UIP pattern with superimposed CCPA as a complication
  • Case of the Day 099: 61-years old - multiple waxing waning lung nodules - rheumatoid arthritis - rheumatoid nodules

• Scleroderma

  • Case 39: 27-years old - scleroderma ILD - secondary pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE)
  • Case 58: 27-years old - scleroderma ILD - progressive pulmonary fibrosis
  • Case 94: 24-years old - scleroderma ILD - early/subtle disease
  • Case of the Day 116: 31-yrs old with scleroderma and a mixed BIP/NSIP/CiOP pattern - mixed patterns in connective tissue disease ILDs
  • Case of the 117: 51-yrs old in 2012 with a mixed progressive fibrotic NSIP/OP/DPO patter, diagnosed to have scleroderma/MCTD 13 years later

• Sjogren's

  • Case 10: 67-years old woman - fibrotic organizing pneumonia (OP) - Sjogren's
  • Case 111: 59-years old woman - lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) - Sjogren's

• Vasculitis

  • Case 44: 33-years old - ANCA-associated vasculitis and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
  • Case 83: 51-years old - progressive masses and nodules - GPA (granulomatosis with polyangitis)

Exposure

(Smoking, Occupational, Biomass Gas) / Poisonings / Radiation & Medication Induced Injury)

• Smoking

  • Case 23: 60-years old - 40-pack years smoker - right upper lobe nodule - resolved using "mean" reconstructions to simulate a chest radiograph
  • Snippet 12: Visual classification of centrilobular and paraseptal emphysema
  • Case 47: 64-years old smoker - respiratory bronchiolitis (RB) and discussion of smoking related changes
  • Snippet 13: Spectrum of smoking related changes in a single patient
  • Case 48: 78-years old - combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE)
  • Case 67: 69-years old - combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) and the official statement from ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT
  • Lecture: REF-Cafe Roentgen - smoking related lung diseases
  • Snippet 27: Airspace Enlargement with Fibrosis (AEF)

• Air Pollution / Biomass Gas

  • Case 54: 56-years old - never-smoker - COPD - severe small airways disease

• Occupational/Pneumoconiosis

  • Case 30: 51-years old - classic silicosis
  • Case 45: 51-years old - eggshell calcification due to silicosis
  • Case 88: 48-years old - flour mill worker silicosis
  • Case 113: 74-years old - asbestos exposure - pleural plaques with rounded atelectasis
  • Case of the Day 095: 55-years old - asbestos exposure - early/mild asbestosis with subpleural bands/lines
  • Case of the Day 112: 82-years old - asbestos exposure - calcified pleural plaques

• Poisoning

  • Case 34: Young patient - mercury poisoning

• Medication Induced Lung Injury (MIPI)

  • Case 46: 70-years old - nitrofurantoin lung injury
  • Case 59: 73-years old - nivolumab lung injury

• Radiation Lung Injury

  • Case 60: 69-years old - radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis
  • Case 79: 74-years old man - radiation recall pneumonitis

REF-Cafe Roentgen Thoracic Thursday Lecture Series - 2023

• Lecture 01 - 2023 06 15 - Fibrosing ILDs
• Lecture 02 - 2023 06 22 - Fibrosing ILDs - contd, Technique & Introduction to Non-Fibrosing ILDs
• Lecture 03 - 2023 06 29 - Non-fibrosing ILDs
• Lecture 04 - 2023 07 13 - Non-ILD Diffuse Lung Diseases - Bronchiectasis, Emphysema, Constrictive Bronchiolitis
• Lecture 05 - 2023 07 20 - Centrilobular Nodule, Proliferative Bronchiolitis, etc
• Lecture 06 - 2023 08 03 - Smoking Related Lung Diseases
• Lecture 07 - 2023 08 10 - Diffuse Cystic Lung Disease
• Lecture 08 - 2023 09 07 - Solitary Pulmonary Nodule - I - >8mm
• Lecture 09 - 2023 09 14 - Solitary Pulmonary Nodule - II - PFN, Juxtapleural Nodule, Nodules in Smokers, LungRADS
• Lecture 10 - 2023 09 21 - Solitary Pulmonary Nodule - III - Subsolid Nodule
• Lecture 11 - 2023 10 19 - Non-Resolving Opacity
• Lecture 12 - 2023 10 26 - Mediastinum